Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, also called MASLD, happens when too much fat builds up in the liver. MASH is a more serious form of MASLD, which can cause swelling and damage in the liver.

Over time, this damage can cause scar tissue to build up, which is called fibrosis. If there is a lot of scarring, the liver may not work as well. In serious cases, it can lead to liver failure or liver cancer.

People may have a higher chance of developing MASH if they have obesity, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, high cholesterol, or other health problems linked to how the body uses and stores energy.

MASH may not cause any symptoms at first. Some people may feel very tired, weak, or have pain in the upper-right side of their belly. Because these symptoms have many causes, doctors may use blood tests, scans, or other tests to find out if someone has MASH.

Primary hyperoxaluria, also called PH, is a group of rare health conditions that can be passed down in families. It affects the liver. In people with PH, the liver makes too much of a natural substance called oxalate.

Oxalate can mix with calcium and form crystals, which may lead to kidney stones and cause kidney damage. Over time, oxalate may also build up in other parts of the body, such as bones, eyes, skin, and heart.

Kidney stones may be one of the first signs of PH. However, the signs and age when they begin can be different for each person. Doctors may look at a person's symptoms and health history, check oxalate levgels, and use a genetic test to find out if someone has PH.